Revisión de los métodos computerizados para la reconstrucción de fragmentos arqueológicos de cerámica

[ES] Las cerámicas son los hallazgos más numerosos encontrados en las excavaciones arqueológicas; a menudo se usan para obtener información sobre la historia, la economía y el arte de un sitio. Los arqueólogos rara vez encuentran jarrones completos; en general, están dañados y en fragmentos, a menudo mezclados con otros grupos de cerámica.El análisis y la reconstrucción de fragmentos se realiza por un operador experto mediante el uso del método manual tradicional. Los artículos revisados proporcionaron evidencias de que el método tradicional no es reproducible, no es repetible, consume mucho tiempo y sus resultados generan grandes incertidumbres. Con el objetivo de superar los límites anteriores, en los últimos años, los investigadores han realizado esfuerzos para desarrollar métodos informáticos que permitan el análisis de fragmentos arqueológicos de cerámica, todo ello destinado a su reconstrucción. Para contribuir a este campo de estudio, en este artículo, se presenta un análisis exhaustivo de las publicaciones disponibles más importantes hasta finales de 2019. Este estudio, centrado únicamente en fragmentos de cerámica, se realiza mediante la recopilación de artículos en inglés de la base de datos Scopus, utilizando las siguientes palabras clave: "métodos informáticos en arqueología", "arqueología 3D", "reconstrucción 3D", "reconocimiento y reconstrucción automática de características", "restauración de reliquias en forma de cerámica ". La lista se completa con referencias adicionales que se encuentran a través de la lectura de documentos seleccionados. Los 53 trabajos seleccionados se dividen en tres períodos de tiempo. Según una revisión detallada de los estudios realizados, los elementos clave de cada método analizado se enumeran en función de las herramientas de adquisición de datos, las características extraídas, los procesos de clasificación y las técnicas de correspondencia. Finalmente, para superar las brechas reales, se proponen algunas recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.[EN] Potteries are the most numerous finds found in archaeological excavations; they are often used to get information about the history, economy, and art of a site. Archaeologists rarely find complete vases but, generally, damaged and in fragments, often mixed with other pottery groups. By using the traditional manual method, the analysis and reconstruction of sherds are performed by a skilled operator. Reviewed papers provided evidence that the traditional method is not reproducible, not repeatable, time-consuming and its results have great uncertainties. To overcome the aforementioned limits, in the last years, researchers have made efforts to develop computer-based methods for archaeological ceramic sherds analysis, aimed at their reconstruction. To contribute to this field of study, in this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the most important available publications until the end of 2019 is presented. This study, focused on pottery fragments only, is performed by collecting papers in English by the Scopus database using the following keywords: “computer methods in archaeology", "3D archaeology", "3D reconstruction", "automatic feature recognition and reconstruction", "restoration of pottery shape relics”. The list is completed by additional references found through the reading of selected papers. The 53 selected papers are divided into three periods of time. According to a detailed review of the performed studies, the key elements of each analyzed method are listed based on data acquisition tools, features extracted, classification processes, and matching techniques. Finally, to overcome the actual gaps some recommendations for future researches are proposed.Highlights:The traditional manual method for reassembling sherds is very time-consuming and costly; it also requires a great deal effort from skilled archaeologists in repetitive and routine activities.Computer-based methods for archaeological ceramic sherds reconstruction can help archaeologists in the above-mentioned repetitive and routine activities.In this paper, the state-of-the-art computer-based methods for archaeological ceramic sherds reconstruction are reviewed, and some recommendations for future researches are proposed.Eslami, D.; Di Angelo, L.; Di Stefano, P.; Pane, C. (2020). Review of computer-based methods for archaeological ceramic sherds reconstruction. 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Change in Cytochromes Contetn of Pseudomonas Sp in the Medium Contaning Petroleum

Abstract: The respiratory chain of bacteria consists of different cytochromes and terminal oxidases, which allow their adaptation to various media. Pseudomanas is a useful bacterium for industries, it can aerobically biodegrade some type of toxic material in the soil and water. O ne of the most important organic pollutants in oil producing countries is crude oil. Pseudomonas is able to biodegrade crude oil and uses it as a carbon source. Our results show that Pseudomonas can degrade aliphatic fractions of crude oil more efficiently than aromatic fractions. Pseudomonas uses cytochrome bo complex as its main terminal oxidase in rich medium, while in medium containing crude oil, it uses both cytochrome bo and bd complexes as terminal oxidase

About his friend, how good she is, and this and that : general extenders in native Persian and non-native English discourse

The present study sets out to investigate the structures and functions of general extenders (GEs) in native Persian and non-native English discourse. The data include two corpora of informal conversations collected by the participants themselves (circa 20 h). Both native and non-native corpora show that GEs are in the process of becoming more flexible with regard to their position. The Persian corpus was found to contain two unique GEs (‘vae vae vae’ and ‘vae in vae un’), that seemed to be directly transferred to English by the non-native speaker group (‘and and and’ and ‘and this and that’). The data further shows that, unlike in English, Persian GEs are not used to provide an intensifying effect in soliciting agreement. The non-native English corpus does not feature this function either. The findings also indicate that EFL learners do not tend to use the GE ‘and stuff’ to establish solidarity. Besides, the present study shows how Persian GEs can be used to fulfill the two unique functions of expressing outrage and arousing curiosity. In the former case, which is also found in the non-native English corpus, speakers echo the word they find offensive and add the GE ‘jahaerci’, and in the latter case, they lengthen the GE ‘vaeina’. Finally, it is argued that first language norms influence the use of GEs by non-native speakers.19 page(s

Quadricuspid Aortic Valve Diagnosed by Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Case Report

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is an uncommon congenital anomaly which was an incidental finding during surgery or autopsy in the past. We present the case of a 44-year-old woman with moderately severe aortic regurgitation due to unequal cusp size QAV diagnosed via transesophageal echocardiography. Due to echocardiographic imaging improvement, the diagnosis of QAV is now easier and earlier than the past

A Semi-Automatic Reconstruction of Archaeological Pottery Fragments from 2D Images Using Wavelet Transformation

The problem of matching fragments of three-dimensional (3D) objects has gained increasing attention, and several approaches have been developed to solve this problem. To date, however, to the best knowledge of the authors, there is no computer-based method supporting archaeologists in this activity. For this purpose, in this paper, a semi-automatic approach is proposed for the reconstruction of archaeological pottery fragments based on two-dimensional (2D) images. Firstly, the method, considering the curves as features, involves the extraction of edge curves by applying the Canny filter algorithm to the fragments’ image. Next, the wavelet transformation method is used to fit the edge curves and obtain the approximation coefficients. Then, the correlation coefficients between fragments are computed and the matching of fragments is done by comparing their values. The proposed approach is tested on some real cases. The results of the experimentation show, if compared with the state-of-the-art, that the method seems to be efficient and accurate in the reconstruction of pottery from 2D images of their fragments

Determine the Appropriate Size of the Endotracheal Tube by Method Air Leak Test in Infants Weighing Less Than 2500 Grams and Compare It with Common Standards: Appropriate Size of endotracheal tube in neonates

Introduction: Endotracheal intubation is common in premature infants due to the need for respiratory support. Therefore, choosing the right size of endotracheal tube to prevent damage and minimize air leakage seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate size of endotracheal tube in infants weighing less than 2500 grams (g) and compare it with common standards. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, which was performed on infants weighing less than 2500 g; undergone endotracheal intubation in Tabriz Children's Hospital in 2016. The infants were divided into different weight groups (2000 to 2500 g,1500 to 2000 g,1000 to 1500 g and under 1000 g). First, they were intubated by using the suggested size, based on weight. Then an air leak test is performed and if the test is positive, a larger endotracheal tube size has been tested to reach the appropriate size. This obtained size was compared with the proposed size based on existing standards. Results: Needing for re-intubation was high among all infants and most of them needed re-intubation at least once. In the weight group 1500 to 2500 g, the initial size of 3.5 for the endotracheal tube seems to be optimal (as opposed to the suggested size 3). In the weight group less than 1500 g, size 3 endotracheal tube was the most frequently used tube (as opposed to the recommended sizes 2 and 2.5). Conclusion: The results of this study show that using the recommended endotracheal tube size for infants is erroneous and most infants are intubated with at least one larger endotracheal tube size due to the positive air leakage test

Experimental study and numerical simulation of resistance to airflow in a storage bin of rough rice with three inlet duct configurations

The measurement and estimation of pressure drop through porous beds are important in the design and development of grain drying and aeration systems. Three inlet interconnected channels were designed and developed as inlet duct floors of an experimental grain silo. The channels were formed into shapes resembling the characters E, F and H. The pressure drop and air distribution were evaluated at different airflow rates for use as a small scale on-farm grain silo. It was observed that the pressure drop increased with the airflow rate and the height of the rough rice in the storage bin. Duct configuration of F and H represents the maximum and minimum values for pressure drop, respectively. The pressure at different heights inside the bed was uniform for all three air inlet duct configurations. Hukill & Ives and Ergun equations were used to fit with experimental data. The modified constant coefficients of both equations were determined for each of the three configurations. The Ergun equation fitted best the experimental data for the entire airflows range. Using the modified Ergun equation, a numerical simulation of the flow inside the rough rice bed was performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics software v6.1 and the velocity distribution inside the bed was presented. The simulated results revealed that the bin with H inlet duct configuration has better performance in continuous aeration process compared to E and F configurations, whereas an F duct configuration has better air penetration ability at the bottom and near the centre of the bin

Oral Administration of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Induction of Th2/Treg Cells and Suppression of Th1/Th17 Immune Responses

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely used to determine the pathogenesis of the disease and evaluate new treatment strategies for MS. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of oral administration of a Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) in the treatment of EAE. Female C57BL/6 mice were utilized in three groups (Control group, received PBS orally; prevention group, oral administration of MOG35–55 two weeks before EAE induction; treatment group, oral administration of MOG35–55 after EAE induction). MOG administration, both as prevention and treatment, significantly controlled clinical score, weight loss, CNS inflammation, and demyelination, mainly through the modulation of T cell proliferation, and reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, T-bet, and ROR-γt. MOG administration, both as prevention and treatment, also induced anti-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors, including IL-4, TGF-β, GATA-3, and Foxp3. The results showed that oral administration of MOG, both as prevention and treatment, could efficiently control EAE development. Immunomodulatory mechanisms include the induction of Th2 and Treg cells and the suppression of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells